Optical Fibre - A Short Introduction

Introduction to Fibre Optics, theory and principle of Fibre Optics, propagation of light through fibre, Fibre Geometry, Fibre Types.

FIBRE OPTICS:

Optical Fibre is new medium, in which information (voice, Data or Video) is transmitted through a glass or plastic fibre, in the form of light, following the transmission sequence give below:

(1) Information is encoded into electrical signals.

(2) Electrical signals are converted into light signals.

(3) Light travels down the fibre.

(4) A detector changes the light signals into electrical signals.

(5) Electrical signals are decoded into information.

ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICS:

Fibre Optics has the following advantages:

(I) Optical Fibres are non conductive (Dielectrics)

- Grounding and surge suppression not required.

- Cables can be all dielectric.

(II) Electromagnetic Immunity:

- Immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI)

- No radiated energy.

- Unauthorised tapping difficult.

(III) Large Bandwidth (> 5.0 GHz for 1 km length)

- Future upgradability.

- Maximum utilization of cable right of way.

- One time cable installation costs.

(IV) Low Loss (5 dB/km to < 0.25 dB/km typical)

- Loss is low and same at all operating speeds within the fibre's specified bandwidth long, unrepeated links (>70km is operation). 

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